GENERAL INFORMATION

Location:        South-East of Central Asia
Capital:          Dushanbe
Population:    7,211,884 estimated as of July 2008
Territory:       1431 thousand square kilometers
Currency:      Somoni, first used in October, 2000

State Borders

The state measures 700 km East to West and 350 km South to North.  On the West and North, Tajikistan shares a border with Uzbekistan of 910 km and Kyrgystan of 630 km.  On the south it borders Afghanistan of 1,030 km and on the East with China of 430 km.

Climate:  The climate is generally continental.

Mineral Resources

Tajikistan has mineral resources containing nearly every element from the periodic table of elements providing the country with a unique amount of wealth.  At this moment, over 400 mineral resources and ore deposits have been discovered, explored and are ready for development in Tajikistan.

Tajikistan is a nation possessing significant precious metal resource.  Zarafshon is a joint Tajik-British venture that has been formed for extracting gold using modern technologies and mining deposits from Taror, Jilau and other areas in the Sughd region.  In the Zarafshon valley, other gold deposits are located in Kum-Manor, Shahbas and Chore, that should continue to provide work for this gold mining enterprise.  Darvoz, another Tajik-British joint venture works in Khatlon.  This venture has been granted the exclusive right to developing gold mines in both South and Central Tajikistan by the government.  According to information reported from the Republic of Tajikistan’s Academy of Science, there have been 38 gold deposits identified within the territory containing an estimated 429 tons of gold.

The world’s second largest silver deposit, the Koni Mansur, is located in northern Tajikistan.  Currently 50 tons are silver are removed annually, a rate that can continue for at least the next 150 years.

Tajikistan also has the largest antimony resources of the CIS.  The state’s largest deposit, Skalnoye, is estimated to contain half the silver ore in the CIS.  If this deposit were developed intensively it could provide 800 tons of silver ore for the next 45 years providing the monopolist for extraction and processing of antimony the CIS.  In addition to the mercury and antimony resources in the Sughd region, there are 214 other mineral deposits, including lead, zinc, bismuth copper, molybdenum, strontium, tungsten, iron, lead, gold, sliver, spat, oil and gas, coal, salt and others.  The Uchakado deposit offers a unique content of gold, silver antimony, zinc and lead.  The value of the metals in this deposit is estimated above $10 billion.  This is the only deposit like this in the world.

Northern Tajikistan provides seemingly endless deposits of materials used for construction and decorations, including: granite, marble, limestone, volcanic tuff and mineral springs.  Important coal deposits are found in Fon-Yaghnob and Kshtut-Zauran.  These deposits can be processed into the least expensive gas and liquid fuels for approximately $120-$130 per ton.  There enough coal deposits to last for the next 200 years.

A tungsten deposit, Maykhura, has been discovered 95 km from Dushanbe, in central Tajikistan.  The ore here can provide profitable annual production of 150,000 tons.

Strontium, a rare metal, has been found deposited in the region of Khatlon.  Strontium salts are used widely in metallurgy as well as the chemical, atomic and pharmaceutical industries.  Overall, these resources, found in Chikultan, Daudyr and Chaltash can provide 180,000 tons of ore annually.  Lead and zinc fields have been located in the same area.  The largest, located in Baljuvon, is estimated to contain 1.2 million tons each of lead and zinc.

Salt is found in the southern regions of the republic.  Billions of tons of this resource are found in the Samanchi, Tanobchi, Khoja-Sartez and Khoja-Mumin regions.  In the severe climate of Badakhshon, the mountains contain deposits of silver, gold, tungsten, mica, copper and precious stones.  The only boron deposit in the republic is found in Ak-Arkhar.  Ores of datolit and danburit have been estimated at 7.4 million tons.

Mining and Minerals

Beneath the ever present mountains of Tajikistan are a wide variety of natural resources, most of which have not yet been exploited due to their geological depth or geographical location.  For the size of Tajikistan, the region is considered blessed with deposits of silver and gold.  There is estimated to be 60,000 tons of silver ore, with the largest, Koni Mansur estimated at 38,000 tons alone.  More than 30 known deposits of gold are mapped and only a few have ever been prospected.  Several coal deposits thought to be potentially important have also been identified but not yet exploited.  Many of these mineral deposits will be suitable for less expensive open-pit mining, but are located in the mountainous regions where the prevailing weather conditions are often expensive and routes for transportation not yet developed or difficult.  Currently, there is some coal being mined in the Yaghnob mine of the Sughd Region, but many other coal deposits have not yet been exploited.

Southeast of Dushanbe, in the Khovland district, a large deposit of antimony has been found.  There is a tentative agreement with Japan to provide needed financing for this mine.  An initial $2 million sum has been earmarked for a feasibility study and planning.

Aluminum

During the reign of the Soviets, Tajikistan was well known for the aluminum smelter.  The Tursunzoda Aluminum Smelter is the largest enterprise in the region.  TadAZ is located in the southwest of Tajikistan.  It offers a capacity of 520,000 tons annually and accounts for 53% of the total exports.  TadAZ is one of the largest smelters of this type in the world.  Tajikistan earned $210 million in exports from 131,900 tons of aluminum exported.  This number is less than a third of the 450,000 tons exported in 1990.  Tajik aluminum is exported to Finland, the Netherlands, England, South Korea, Hungary, Belgium and Turkey.  The largest NIS countries importing Tajik aluminum are Russia and Turkmenistan.  It is estimated that 5,000 tons of aluminum were used domestically in production of household necessities such as kitchenware.

Tursunzoda consumes almost 40% of the total electrical output of the country, provides jobs for 12,000 workers and provides indirect support for over 100,000.  Its capacity is 520,000 tons and it accounts for over 30% of the total exports.  Tursunzoda planned to increase production to 346,000 tons by 2005.  At the present, the only downstream industries include a foil and cable plant.  Aluminum is one of the country’s two primary exports.  The government is seeking foreign investors for both the aluminum plant and downstream projects.  As different factions have attempted to assert control over the plant as well as its lucrative exports, there have been instances of fighting nearby.

The Tajikistan government has made the decision to include this plant in its privatization program.  While the government plans to retain the controlling block of shares, the remaining assets may be sold to foreign investors.  However, the plant has an estimated $120 million debt accumulated with foreign creditors which may make it less attractive to the foreign investors.

Silver and Gold

During the first eight months of 2000, Tajikistan produced 1.5 tons of gold, showing a 15% increase over the same time in 1999, with a value or $35.8 million.  Tajikistan also has plans for the silver sector.  It plans to establish a venture that included Indian companies in order to develop the Koni Mansur silver mine.  These companies have plans to invest up to US$100 million for this deposit, which contains 53,000 tons of silver.

Energy

Tajikistan is only behind the USA and Russia in its production of hydroelectric power.  Over 3/4 of the energy output in the country is from hydroelectric generation.  The per capita energy consumption is the lowest of all states in the NIS.  Tajikistan exported nearly 4,000 million kWh of electricity in 2000.  However it imported 1,300 million more kWh of electricity than it imported.  During years of drought, the importing of energy for Tajikistan will rise even more as drops in water levels at reservoirs serving these power stations reduces the amount of production allowed.

The Roghun dam will create another major power station when completed.  Roghun is planned to increase the capacity by 3,600 megawatts, producing an average output of 13.3 billion kWh annually.  Tajikistan’s government is anxious to find foreign financing in order to complete construction of this complex in order to meet the critical energy shortages that result in major power outages much of the time during the winter months and has slowed the operation of many of the country’s industries.  Development of hydroelectric energy is essential for future economic growth due to the high need for importing natural gas and oil from its neighboring countries as well as the energy required to operate the TALCO aluminum smelter.

Tajikistan is also a significant consumer of natural gas, oil and coal and self-sufficient for less than 50% of its own energy needs.  Uzbekistan provides over 70% of the country’s petroleum needs.  Other CIS countries, including Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan provide an additional 27%.  In 2000, 187,000 tons of petroleum products were imported along with 646,000 cubic meters of natural gas.  Several gas fields have been identified for development and the government is seeking foreign investors for development.  Talks are being held with Iran for further assistance with oil needs.

In recent years the internet has begun to stretch its tendrils across Tajikistan and other countries like Pakistan. This presents an economic opportunity for many people, not only an opportunity to earn money but also an opportunity to learn and grow. Companies like elance and odesk have given the people of Tajikistan and others a tool to reach American and western business through SEO and web development services. For both parties its important to know a few things before entering into a partnership. If you happen to be from Tajikistan or another recently new internet tapped country and you are looking for some kind of work contact a utah seo firm, many of them have been known to imitate partnerships and outsource.

If you have an online business, you need to constantly be working at it, doing what it takes to make your online presence known and there are a few effective Internet marketing strategies you can use to do just that.

Improving the SEO for your website is one of the most effective ways to bring targeted traffic to your site. The higher your search engine ranking, even if you don’t make it to the number one position, the more web surfers who will find your site as a result. You can improve the SEO of your site by focusing on creating quality content that is both informative and interesting to the reader, as well as by using meta tags correctly. Add in links, and use the proper keywords in the content on your site, and you’ll see your search engine ranking improve significantly.

You can also get started with pay-per-click or sponsored link advertising. There are many opportunities abound online, no matter what type of business you’re trying to promote. Costs for placement do vary, so consider what available budget you have to work with. Essentially what you’re doing here is paying to generate visitors to your site as they search. More people will learn about your website, word will spread, and your sales will increase as a result.

You have to get involved with social media sites and use social media to your advantage if you want to build your online presence. Sites like Facebook and Twitter can help significantly to gather interest from the public and get them to learn about your business and what you have to offer. Social media networks are truly taking over Internet marketing, so if you don’t have a Facebook and Twitter page for your website, you need to get one now. MySpace, Digg.com, and other social media sites can work just as well.

No matter what products or services you’re offering, there are other businesses out there trying to promote the same thing as you. The only way to make yourself stand out and become truly successful at what you’re doing is by learning different strategies and tips all the time, and continuing to keep up with effective Internet marketing. This is not something you work at for a few months and then give up on. You have to continue working at it and doing what it takes to build your brand and make the name of your business known.

American companies often outsource there menial tasks in order to maintain profits, this presents an opportunity for both parties to prosper in this new digital age.

There are many great applications that you could find on the android marketplace which would not only make you excited to go for them but also you may feel the need to purchase them so that you could then transfer them to your other systems but the question is, how do you go about to move android apps to a new system or to a system of your choice that may be relatively more stable for you? The answers to this question may be plenty depending upon who is the one giving an answer to it, but to cut the long story short, it is only possible to move android apps using a software program that has been designed for this very purpose, that is, a software program made to help you move your apps to and fro android depending upon how you would like to go about it. Anyway, I always recommend that people carry out their research online and determine what the best way would be for them to get information from different sources just to increase your knowledge on all aspects of moving apps from android. You will of course need to learn more about android before you could decide what else you would like to be learning about.

Our body is mostly made up of fluids which contribute to a major percentage of the body weight. While it is necessary to keep oneself hydrated to ensure the proper circulation of blood as well as help to remove the toxins from the system, water retention leads to weight gain. One of the main factors for water retention is the high presence of sodium. Greater retention of water results in weight gain.

Our diet is to be blamed for the increased sodium levels. The foods that we normally crave for like potato chips and other packaged and processed foods are high in sodium. Our excess consumption of such foods is the main cause for water retention in the body. Diet plans are low in sodium as they completely eliminate junk foods from the diet, thus helping to prevent water retention. If you feel subscribing to diet plans is expensive, you can avail discounts on the meal plans by making use of Nutrisystem Coupons which are easily available online.

Some grains like barley have a diuretic effect and help to flush out the excess water from the body. Your health is entirely dependent on the foods you eat. You need to eat a balanced diet that includes components from all the food groups. Following such a diet helps in weight loss without starving or crash dieting.

There are many ways in which parents can show their love and affection for their children. Whether it is buying them the latest smart phones or even a car for a splendid academic achievement a parent indeed has many options by which he can build a stronger relationship with his child. But one of the things that the parent will constantly do is monitor the child’s well-being. So even after the smart phone has been gifted, there will be a need for the parent to look into what the child is doing with the help of this device. For instance, a smart phone can be used to surf the internet and websites.

With the help of mobile spy reviews a parent can decide to install mobile phone spyware. And this spyware will give the parent the power to look into all the websites that a child has been surfing through. After which, the parent can easily decide which websites need to be blocked. Today, children also face cyber bullying which can make a huge psychological impact on the child’s psyche. This too can be monitored with the help of such spyware. When the parent and the child know that all these activities are for the child welfare, then there is no question of the child thinking that it is tyranny!

Technology has now made it possible for millions of people to use a tracking device to monitor another person’s activities and whereabouts without his knowledge. This tracker is basically software which is readily available on the Internet. The software needs to be physically set up on a target cell phone. After installation, it will transfer the entire phone’s records, including details of calls made and received, messages received and sent and even files and websites accessed to a secure account in the software provider’s website. You can then log into this site using your own id and password. This is given to you when you buy the cell phone spy software from the provider site.

This software has helped many parents who worry constantly for their kid’s safety. They can now monitor where their child goes, whom they communicate with regularly, which websites they access, etc. with the help of the mobile spyware. The spyware can be bought for a nominal price; it is recommended that you do not download the software from websites which claim to sell it for free. When you are not required to pay for the application, you run the risk of getting scammed. The software takes only a few minutes to download and another few minutes to get installed.

One common mistake people make while wishing to lose those extra kilos is to abstain from meals. This is not a healthy way to deal with the problem. People tend to overeat as a result of food cravings that are a result of such fasting measures. It can also lead to some serious health problems; ulcers, acidity and eating disorders are some of the common problems. The better way to deal with weight problems is to eat the right kind of foods and exercise. Knowledge about healthy meal options is available online, and there are professionals who can help with a diet plan as well.

Nutrisystem is an online meal planner that has professional dieticians to plan out meals to suit individual requirements of weight loss. Their plans are scientifically designed and so the results are guaranteed. They even have ready- to- eat meals to go with their plans that are tasty and nutritious and very affordable. The other major advantage of such meal orders is that discounts are available when a nutrisystem coupon code is provided while making payments.

These kinds of healthy plans achieve weight loss through a steady approach when compared to other harsh ones. There are some plans that assure magical weight loss within a short duration of time, and this then needs major lifestyle changes and food deprivation that can be harmful. The comparatively slow and steady plan of nutrisystem is much more beneficial than others.

Here I am going to introduce gastric sleeve surgery which is a best option to loss weight. As far as bariatric surgeries are concerned, gastric sleeve surgery is a relatively new kid on the block. Going by the increasing number of happy and satisfied post-surgery patients, it will be no surprise if gastric sleeve surgery becomes a highly common, if not the most common, form of bariatric surgery.

Obesity has hit gigantic proportions. If one goes by statistics, nearly 5% of the entire population of the US is morbidly obese (with a BMI of 40 or more). Because of the increased incidence of obesity, the importance of bariatric surgeries is being widely recognized. Make sure to visit http://www.thesleevecenter.com/ if you are interested in losing weight through surgeries.

Gastric Sleeve Surgery – A Brief Overview

Known by a number of alternative names such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy, sleeve gastroplasty, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and parietal gastrectomy, this surgery involves removal of a major portion of the stomach laparoscopically and reducing it to one-fourth of its original size.

This surgery is usually performed on patients with a BMI of 40 or more, though patients with a BMI of 35 or above may also be considered for the procedure, provided they suffer from comorbidities such as high blood pressure or diabetes.there are number of advantages of this type of surgery which i will be discussing in my next article.

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Following a proper skincare routine is very essential these days. Todays world gives high importance to overall appearance. Appearance is often held to be an extension of ones personality. When talking about appearance, skin plays an important role. Healthy, clean and glowing skin goes a long way in embellishing appearance. Smooth and beautiful skin has a magical effect on your appearance. This helps build up your own self confidence in the bargain. The importance of proper skincare cannot be denied as a result. Finding time and energy is a problem in today’s scenario. Skincare routines require time and effort. Alongside, one would have to do some research online. Finding certified and proper information is essential before starting any skincare ritual. All of this is impossible for working professionals. How can you get better skin in quick time? Clarisonic functions as a one stop shop for skincare.

You get a variety of skincare products and accessories here. You can order your preferred items online itself. Popular skincare methods include sonic cleansing and infusion. Products on offer include serums, brush heads, cleansers and accessories like chargers and travel bags. There are various special packages and offers available as well. This helps you save money on skincare products as well. An effective and helpful customer support section also solves all your queries promptly.

When an individual decides to lose excess fat via dieting, he goes for packed meals available in the grocery store with its label specified as food for losing weight. But, the healthiness of a food should never be judged with the help of its label. This is because some of the food manufacturers engage in the process of food production after having conducting a thorough research on the ingredients that can attract the consumers, but it may still not be the right kind of food. So, how to protect yourself from this sort of scam?

The best thing to do when you are looking for weight loss is that rather than depending on the foods labeled as diet foods in the market, it would be wise to enroll in a diet plan offered by a reliable company. Here, there need not be any worry as to whether the foods offered under diet plans will cost you more. This is because some diet plan providers like Nutrisystem are offering Nutrisystem discount code. These codes can be of great help in reducing the cost of enrolling in diet plans and also in purchasing any addition diet snacks from these diet plan providers. Some foods are labeled as foods with lesser fat content. But, when you look into the details about the ingredients of the food specified in the label, you will find that it has rich fat content and so when this food is consumed regularly with the belief that it has lesser fat, you will gain more weight.

One of the most effective ways of working out is to develop the habit of running; early in the morning. There is something extremely satisfying and morale boosting to set off on a healthy run every day. The adrenaline pumping action of running through trails and roads can give you a high throughout the day. Of course, it is a great way to lose weight as well. But what happens if you are new to running? Well, you should take heart from the fact that running is a habit that can be created and developed over a period of time rather easily. Just the way that you will take care of your diet with the help of nutrisystem coupons, start with buying yourself the right gear including running shoes.

Always take it one step at a time. Try not to run at top speed and for a long-distance right from day one. Set out for an early morning walk and if you have the habit of walking for about fifteen or twenty minutes, then ensure that two minutes out of this timespan is spent running. It can even be a faster than normal walking or even a jogging pace. But once you get comfortable doing this two minutes of running, you can then add on more and more time.